8/12/2023 0 Comments Pioner ii hunley submarine![]() ![]() Hunley rammed Housatonic below the water line, detonating the torpedo, tearing a hole in the Union ship’s hull and sending her to the bottom along with five of her crew. Carrying a torpedo packed with explosive black powder bolted to a 16-foot spar, H. On 17 February 1864, after months of practice runs and weather delays, the Confederate submarine, under cover of darkness, silently approached USS Housatonic, a 16-gun, 1,240-ton sloop-of-war, on blockade duty four miles off the entrance to Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. With many of the features that would become standard in later submarines, including diving planes and raised conning towers, the boat is a prime example of the American technological ingenuity that characterized the Civil War period. Each end was equipped with water ballast tanks that could be flooded by valves or pumped dry by hand pumps. It was powered by a hand crank operated by a crew of seven, with an eighth member to pilot the boat. Privately built in 1863 by Park and Lyons of Mobile, Alabama, with the financial backing of Horace Lawson Hunley, the submarine was constructed from rolled iron boiler plate with custom cast iron fittings. Although the boat and its crew were lost as a result of this endeavor, the success of their mission proved that this new style of naval warfare would be an inevitable course of future development. Hunley has the distinction of being the first submarine to sink an enemy warship in wartime. 24 Aug: USS Henry Andrew, USS Isaac N.The Confederate submersible H.Jeff Thompson, CSS General Sterling Price, CSS General Sumter, CSS Little Rebel 6 Jun: CSS Colonel Lovell, CSS General Beauregard, CSS General Bragg, CSS General M.10 May: USS Cincinnati, CSS Germantown, USS Mound City, CSS Fulton.April (unknown date): CSS Jackson, CSS Oregon, CSS Carondelet.25 Apr: CSS Mississippi, CSRC Pickens, Pioneer, Washington, CSS Pamlico.24 Apr: CSS General Lovell, CSS Governor Moore, CSS Manassas, CSS Stonewall Jackson, Sweepstakes, USS Varuna.March (unknown date): Camilla (or Memphis).10 Feb: CSS Appomattox, CSS Black Warrior, CSS Fanny, CSS Forrest.25 Jan: USS New England, USS Stephen Young.John submarine and Pioneer may have undergone trials at about the same time and confusion between the two may date back to contemporary accounts it is not clear which of the two was constructed first.Ī life-size model of Pioneer can be viewed and explored at Maritime Museum Louisiana, in Madisonville, Louisiana. John submarine, now in the collection of the Louisiana State Museum, was for decades misidentified as Pioneer. The Times-Picayune of New Orleans of 15 February 1868 reported Pioneer had been sold for scrap. The scuttled Pioneer was raised and examined by Union troops. The team followed with the Pioneer II or American Diver, built after they relocated to Mobile, Alabama. Pioneer was tested in February 1862 in the Mississippi River, and later was towed to Lake Pontchartrain for additional trials where it successfully managed to sink a schooner, but the Union advance towards New Orleans the following month prompted the men to abandon development and scuttle Pioneer in the New Basin Canal on 25 April 1862. It was equipped with an explosive that would be attached to the hull of an enemy vessel and blown up using a clockwork mechanism. The crew consisted of a pilot and one man to rotate the propeller manually. The Pioneer was thirty feet long and four feet in diameter. It was the first of three submarines financially backed by Hunley (Pioneer, Pioneer II, and Hunley). Hunley, James McClintock, and Baxter Watson built Pioneer in New Orleans, Louisiana. While the United States Navy was constructing its first submarine, USS Alligator, during the American Civil War in late 1861, the Confederates were doing so as well. Pioneer was the first of three submarines privately developed and paid for by Horace Lawson Hunley, James McClintock, and Baxter Watson. Pioneer full-scale replica on display at the Warren Lasch Conservation Center
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